Ankle & Heel Pain
Ankle and heel pain are common musculoskeletal complaints that can affect people of all ages and activity levels. The discomfort may arise suddenly after an injury or develop gradually due to overuse, structural issues, or underlying medical conditions. Since both the ankle and heel bear much of the body’s weight during standing, walking, and running, pain in these areas can significantly impact daily activities and mobility.
Symptoms:
The symptoms vary depending on the cause but often include localized pain, swelling, stiffness, and tenderness in the ankle or heel. Patients may experience difficulty bearing weight, reduced range of motion, or a sharp stabbing pain when taking the first steps in the morning. Some may notice bruising, warmth, or redness if inflammation or injury is present. Heel pain is commonly worse after prolonged rest or activity, while ankle pain may intensify with twisting, standing, or walking.
Causes:
Ankle pain is frequently due to sprains, ligament injuries, tendonitis, arthritis, or fractures. Repetitive stress, improper footwear, and sports injuries can also contribute. Heel pain often stems from plantar fasciitis, Achilles tendonitis, heel spurs, bursitis, or stress fractures. Flat feet, high arches, obesity, and prolonged standing increase the risk. In some cases, systemic conditions like gout, rheumatoid arthritis, or nerve entrapments may also be responsible.
Treatment:
Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Conservative measures include rest, ice application, compression, and elevation (RICE therapy) to reduce pain and swelling. Over-the-counter pain relievers and anti-inflammatory medications may provide relief. Supportive footwear, orthotic inserts, and heel cushions help correct biomechanical issues. Stretching and strengthening exercises for the calf, ankle, and foot muscles improve flexibility and stability. Physical therapy is beneficial in restoring function and preventing recurrence. For severe injuries or persistent pain, medical evaluation may be required, which could involve imaging studies and specialized interventions. In chronic or resistant cases, corticosteroid injections, shockwave therapy, or surgical procedures may be considered.
Early diagnosis and treatment play a crucial role in preventing complications and ensuring recovery. Maintaining a healthy weight, wearing appropriate shoes, and practicing proper exercise techniques can significantly reduce the risk of ankle and heel pain.